Hochschularbeit
| Helene Tello: | Investigations on Super Fluid Extraction (SFE) with Carbon Dioxide on Ethnological Materials and Objects Contaminated with Pesticides | Zurück |
| Sprache: | Original - Übersetzung | |
| Seitenübersicht: | ||
| Zusammenfassung: | The aim of this thesis is to examine and to assess the extraction of pesticides and heavy metal compounds from ethnological objects by using supercritical carbon dioxide from the viewpoint of conservation. First, the use of pesticides in collections with cultural heritage and the risk to health for persons expanded to a national and international level are described here. Secondly, the significance of the use of pesticides on collections in the Ethnological Museum in Berlin and the health hazard for the staff and other persons is described. The current procedures of the cleaning and the decontamination of collections contaminated with pesticides are discussed and the present state of decontamination of cultural heritage is interpreted. Finally the possibilities of the decontamination with supercritical carbon dioxide of ethnological materials and objects in masses are summarized and discussed. |
| Schlagworte: | ethnological heritage, decontamination, super fluid extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide, pesticides, heavy metal compounds |
| Inhalt: | Acknowledgements 6 1 Introduction 12 2 Approach 13 3 History of pest control of ethnological objects 14 3.1 Sources of pest control 14 3.2 Pest control in German collections 16 3.3 Pest control in European collections 21 3.4 Pest control in U.S. American and Canadian collections 25 3.5 Discussion and assessment 29 4 Damage to collections with pesticides 31 4.1 Damage to German collections 31 4.2 Damage to European collections 32 4.3 Damage to U.S. American and Canadian collections 33 4.4 Discussion and assessment 34 5 Chronology of the use of pesticides on collection items at the Ethnological Museum in Berlin 34 5.1 Preparations and procedures employed 34 5.1.1 Preparations employed during collection trips in 19th century 35 5.1.2 Preparations from late 19th century until World War II 35 5.1.3 Preparations employed during World War II 42 5.1.4 Preparations employed after World War II until the late 20th century 44 5.1.5 Current use of preparations and procedures 48 5.2 Discussion and assessment 50 6 Current state of contamination with pesticides in the collections of the Ethnological Museum in Berlin 51 6.1 The pesticides determined and their toxicological properties 53 6.2 Pollution of the indoor air 54 6.3 Concentration of pesticides in layers of settled dust 60 6.4 Concentration of pesticides in selected objects 61 7 Assessment of endangerment to health 65 7.1 Precautionary measures 65 7.2 Policy and guidelines for decontamination 66 8 Procedures for cleaning and decontamination 67 8.1 Procedures for dry-cleaning 67 8.1.1 Suction Techniques 67 8.1.2 Laser-cleaning 69 8.1.3 Thermal procedures 69 8.1.4 Freeze-drying procedures 70 8.1.5 Ultrasonic waves 70 8.1.6 Solid carbon dioxide 71 8.1.7 Supercritical carbon dioxide 71 8.2 Procedures for wet cleaning 71 8.2.1 Cleaning agents 72 8.2.2 Procedure with vacuum extraction and washing 72 8.2.3 Techniques for single objects 73 8.3 Decontamination with supercritical carbon dioxide 73 8.3.1 Properties of supercritical carbon dioxide 74 8.3.2 Diagram of a Super Fluid Extraction (SFE) plant 76 8.3.3 Present use of SFE in industry 77 8.3.4 Current state of decontamination in works of art and cultural heritage 77 9 Selection of ethnological materials and objects 84 9.1 Preliminary considerations 85 9.2 Description of composition and compounds of materials and objects 86 9.3 Description of the condition of materials and objects 88 9.4 Production techniques 88 9.5 Analytical examination of selected materials 88 10 Preparation of objects and materials for experiment 91 10.1 Photographic documentation of samples and reference samples 91 10.2 Analytical determination of pesticides 104 10.3 Preventive and precautionary measures 105 11 Experiment A for characterizing the changes in materials in a 10 L high-pressure extraction (HDE) plant for scaled-up experiments 106 11.1 Process diagram of the plant 106 11.2 Parameters during experiment 107 11.3 Course of experiment A with a 10L plant 108 11.4 Interpretation of test results 110 11.4.1 Visual evaluation 110 11.4.2 Microscopic examination 113 11.4.3 Analytical investigations 115 11.5 Discussion of the results 121 11.5.1 Evaluation of the susceptibility of materials and objects to extraction with SC-CO2 in a high-pressure plant for scaled-up experiments 121 11.5.2 Potential measures to prevent changes in materials 122 11.5.2.1 Exclusion of unsuitable objects before the process 123 11.5.2.2 Prior treatment with film former 123 11.5.2.3 Prior treatment with cyclododecane 123 11.5.2.4 Change of parameters during the procedure 124 11.5.3 Regenerative treatments after changes of materials 124 11.5.3.1 Recirculation of lipophile substances 124 11.5.3.2 Restoration of the bonding 125 11.5.3.3 Restoration of gloss 125 12 Experiment B for determining the level of elimination of pesticides in a 150 mL high-pressure view cell 126 12.1 Process diagram of the 150 mL laboratory plant 126 12.2 Process parameters 127 12.3 Course of experiment B with a 150 mL laboratory plant 127 12.4 Interpretation of test results 128 12.4.1 Visual evaluation 128 12.4.2 Microscopic examination 130 12.4.3 Determination of the amount of pesticides and the level of decontamination 132 12.5 Discussion of the results 134 13 Conclusions 136 14 Indices 141 14.1 Index of illustrations 141 14.2 Index of Sources of Illustrations 146 14.3 Index of Tables 150 15 Bibliography 152 16 Appendix 179 17 Declaration 207 |
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| Kontakt: |
Helene Tello Hornstraße 20 10963 Berlin Deutschland info@[Diesen Teil loeschen]helenetello.com www.helenetello.com |
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| DOI (Digital Object Identifier) | 10.5165/hawk-hhg/124 |
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